Never leave the soil bare. This is a fundamental rule of natural gardening - it is vital for the development of equilibrium.

• Mulch shades the soil and reduces evaporation of soil moisture.

• Mulch provides vital habitat for small insects and animals as well as providing conditions appropriate for worms.

• Mulch insulates the soil creating a more moderate soil temperature throughout the seasons. Note: Plant growth is more affected by soil temperature than air temperature.

• Mulch provides organic matter, which is broken down by microbes and insects, producing plant nutrients.

• During the breakdown of organic matter, microbes excrete organic compounds that join together to form humus particles. Humus is the key component in developing soil structure.

• Mulch reduces weed growth by smothering undesirable plants.

A secret to successful mulching is to use coarse material that allows water to easily drain through. A combination of woody and leafy material is ideal.

Note: Once the system develops, adding mulch will no longer be required. Leaf drop, and the shading effect of layers of vegetation including ground covers, will naturally perform this role.